Cancer

Cancer Outpacing Zimbabwe’s Top Killer Diseases

Harare — Two years ago, his then 53-year old mother succumbed to colon cancer. A year later, his 24-year old sister was diagnosed with the same disease, yet earlier this year, 28-year old Tapfumaneyi Hwengwere also turned into another colon cancer patient in the family.

Hwengwere said now doctors have told him his cancer has reached stage four, meaning his case has leaped beyond redemption.

“I’m just taking medication to ease the pain although it’s clear my condition has gone beyond what the doctors can do to save my life,” Hwengwere told Ubuntu Times.

So, as Hwengwere and his sister contend with colon cancer, he (Hwengwere) said they find solace meeting many other cancer patients at the cancer clinics they often visit here.

According to Zimbabwe’s Cancer Registry, from 6,548 registered cases of cancer in 2013, figures have skyrocketed to 9,220 two years ago, with Hwengwere and his sister comprising the Southern African nation’s alarming cancer statistics.

Many Zimbabweans like Hwengwere and his sister bear the dreaded cancer illness at a time the country also faces the ravages of Coronavirus which has claimed over 200 lives since it struck this country.

Now, health experts here like Jason Utete, a private oncologist in Harare, the Zimbabwean capital have said as doctors they are attending to increasing cases of cancer on a daily basis.

“People are not aware of this; cancer cases we attend to daily are rising more than ever before; it’s scary,” Utete told Ubuntu Times.

cancer patient
A critically-ill cancer patient is photographed in 2014 being pushed on a stretcher bed by an unidentified man into a hospital ward at Parirenyatwa hospital in Harare, the Zimbabwean capital. Credit: Jeffrey Moyo / Ubuntu Times

Yet, with cancer deaths on a gradual rise in Zimbabwe, the country also suffers a scarcity of cancer specialists like Utete, who said owing to that, ‘prospects of detecting cancer early are minimal here.’

Meanwhile, Zimbabwe only has four cancer specialists, according to the country’s Ministry of Health and Child Care although the country is laden with over 7,000 cancer patients.

As such, besides the ravages wrought by Coronavirus, in Zimbabwe, cancer is gradually overtaking several deadly diseases, becoming the country’s number one killer.

Of the types of cancers that have become common among Zimbabweans, is colon cancer, which has affected many like Hwengwere and his sister, and even orphaned them after their widowed mother was killed by the same disease.

Even Zimbabwe’s young children have become victims of the deadly disease, according to this country’s Ministry of Health and Child Care, which has been on record in the media claiming over 700 underage children succumb to cancer each year.

Nurses, patients in hospital ward
Nurses are photographed in July 2014 tending women suffering from cervical cancer at hospital in the Zimbabwean capital Harare. Credit: Jeffrey Moyo / Ubuntu Times

As if that is not enough, an average of 5,000 new cancer cases are recorded annually, according to Zimbabwe’s National Cancer Registry, but more than 80 percent are only diagnosed at a very late stage.

“In both adults and young children here, cancer is often diagnosed late, which has resulted in rising cancer deaths in the country,” said doctor Utete.

Yet, more superstitious Zimbabweans like 73-year old Danisa Chambati who lives in Highfields high-density suburb in Harare has dismissed the existence of cancer, instead, scapegoating witchcraft for such diseases.

“There is nothing called cancer; people are bewitching each other, causing mysterious illnesses and deaths,” Chambati told Ubuntu Times.

But, despite his denial, Chambati’s children confirmed that their mother, his wife, in this case, was killed by colon cancer three years ago.

Team of nurses
In Zimbabwe, nurses have been going on strike demanding better wages as the country’s economy teeters on the brink of collapse, a move that has nonetheless worsened the situation of cancer patients seeking treatment in government hospitals. Credit: Jeffrey Moyo / Ubuntu Times

One of the children, 41-year old Letwin, who is a single mother living with the aging Chambati even claimed the father was suffering from prostate cancer, a condition she also claimed their father has frantically dismissed as untrue.

“Our father has prostate cancer, which is now at its advanced state, but even as doctors diagnosed him of the disease, he has vehemently stayed in denial, claiming that his illness is due to witchcraft in the family,” Letwin told Ubuntu Times.

As such, with many like Chambati clinging to myths related to cancer, many more Zimbabweans are perishing unknowingly to the disease.

In Zimbabwe, therefore, the rich and the poor, celebrities and politicians alike, are succumbing to cancer at an alarming rate.

On Valentine’s Day in 2018, Morgan Tsvangirai, Zimbabwe’s former Prime Minister in the government of national unity between 2008 and 2013, succumbed to colon cancer at a top medical center in neighboring South Africa.

Last year in September, former Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe who ruled this country for closer to four decades, also succumbed to prostate cancer at Gleneagles Hospital in Singapore.

Nurses and visitors
Nurses and visitors jostle in action in and outside the hospital in July 2014 during the busiest hours at Parirenyatwa hospital in the Zimbabwean capital Harare. Credit: Jeffrey Moyo / Ubuntu Times

In 2014 alone, 2,474 people succumbed to cancer in Zimbabwe, and in the same year, 7,018 new cancer cases were recorded, this based on figures from the Cancer Association of Zimbabwe.

But, Zimbabwe’s few cancer specialists like Utete have said ‘such figures are only related to recorded cases in health institutions.’

To him (Utete) ‘most patients could be dying because of cancer within their homes without access to health services due to exorbitant costs.’

In fact, according to government officials, even killer diseases like AIDS in Zimbabwe are being outpaced by cancer as the top killer disease.

“Cancer has turned out to be the topmost killer than HIV and because of this, several people are shunning seeking cancer screening services because they fear to be found with the now dreaded disease which they say is difficult to be treated compared to HIV,” a top official in the Ministry of Health in Zimbabwe, told Ubuntu Times on condition of anonymity as she was unauthorized to speak to the media.

“Apparently, there is now a stigma tag to cancer illnesses, subsequently making it difficult to make sure cancer is diagnosed and treated early,” added the Zimbabwean government official.

Cancer pandemic: With its affluent citizens and politicians still flown overseas for cancer treatment, Kenya leaves its millions at risk

KAKAMEGA, KENYA MARCH 21, 2020 — Julius Shilenga Lumwamu struggled 13 months in a series of misdiagnosis beginning June 2006 after discovering a swollen lymph node on his left arm and numbness on small fingers of both his hands.

Then aged 48, and a teacher in one of the local schools in Kakamega, some 390 km north-west of the capital, Nairobi, he would frequent Nairobi to seek medication after exhausting all medical options in his rural district.

“I underwent a series of medical tests, all at my own expenses which involved traveling all the way to Nairobi and back. It was a costly affair, and more painful because I wasted the little money I had without getting to unearth the cause of my sickness,” Lumwamu, 62-year old father of six, who is a cancer survivor tells Ubuntu Times as he attends to his dairy cows in his rural home.

Now a retired teacher, Lumwamu story depicts a sense of hopelessness for millions of citizens living in low and middle-income countries, in which the World Health Organization in its February report dubbed ‘Setting priorities, investing wisely and providing care for all’ predicts a 60 percent increase in cancer cases if the current trend is anything to go by.

“There is a need to step up cancer services in low and middle-income countries. If the current trend on cancer cases continues, the world will witness a 60 percent increase in cancer cases over by 2030,” states the report.

Kenya, like countries in the developing world, has had to focus limited health resources on combating infectious diseases and improving maternal and child health, while health services are not equipped to prevent, diagnose and treat cancers.

According to WHO, the year 2019 saw more than 90 percent of high-income countries reporting that comprehensive treatment services for cancer were available in the public health system compared to less than 15 percent of low-income countries.

Unlike millions of Kenyans who die in silence of cancer, Lumwamu was lucky to access medical help and a financial facility to have him undergo early diagnosis and treatment at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) – Kenya’s oldest and largest public, tertiary referral hospital for the Ministry of Health located in Nairobi.

“It was traumatizing. I was required to part with some 500 USD for manual biopsy, a test in which sample tissue is taken from the body in order to carry out close examination at KNH. I had exhausted a 5,000 USD loaning facility from my teachers SACCO and so became hard to raise the amount,” says Lumwamu, who got help from a family friend who linked him to a private hospital where his biopsy specimen was done.

“Again, I was to take the biopsy specimen to KNH to confirm the type of diagnosis but then again, the facility’s biopsy machine had broken down and so the sample had to be flown to India for further analysis,” he narrates.

What he didn’t know then was that two weeks later, the verified results would prove that he had tested with Non-Hodgkin lymphomas cancer, a cancer that arises from lymphocytes, a kind of white blood cell usually found in blood and lymph nodes.

Sitting in their living room on a quiet village in Kakamega County, Lumwamu and his wife Esther Shimenga said they were so shocked at the results, especially having a loan of 500 USD to repay, with the real treatment cost staring at their stretched financial resources.

“Having received the exact diagnosis, I had to be subjected to chemotherapy treatment twice a month for three months. I now had no other option than approaching a commercial bank for a loan,” Lumwamu, who sourced for a 10,000 USD loan from Equity Bank.

Julius display medical loan facility documents.
Julius and his wife Esther Shilenga display documents for a loan they took from a commercial bank to facilitate treatment. Credit: Robert Kibet / Ubuntu Times

Despite being a subscriber to the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF), this only helped him pay a bill of a meager $43, against a required $500 for biopsy test at the KNH, the public health facility.

“From what I went through, I don’t think the government has ever known exactly how to go about helping especially people facing life-threatening diseases like cancer. People just die quietly, they suffer because the time they are supposed to get treatment, the drugs are not there and if they are available they are very expensive,” he says, adding that for him, he was forced to buy drugs in the city, far from KNH where he was receiving treatment, which would cost him up to $300.

Cancer medical treatment document.
One of the hospital document obtained by Julius while seeking treatment. Accessing cancer medication in Kenya is an expensive one, barring the poor from quality treatment. Credit: Robert Kibet / Ubuntu Times

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) through its recent report titled ‘Cancer Research for Cancer Prevention’ says high-income countries have adopted prevention, early diagnosis, and screening programs, which together with better treatment, have contributed to an estimated 20 percent reduction in the probability of premature mortality between 2000 and 2015, but low-income countries only saw a reduction of five percent.

“The challenge will be for countries to select treatments balancing considerations including cost, feasibility and effectiveness. Each government is tasked with choosing the appropriate innovative cancer therapies, while recognizing that established treatments, many of which are very effective and affordable, can provide benefits for cancer without causing financial hardship,” says the report.

Each time an affluent Kenyan or a politician succumbs to cancer disease, government operatives are quick to fill airwaves with promises of improving the healthcare system, including policies governing cancer management, but fade into thin air a couple of days.

Dr. Catherine Nyongesa, physician and radiation oncologist, founder and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Texas Cancer Centre told Ubuntu Times in an interview that Kenya, compared to years back, has made progress combating cancer.

“Introduction of oncology packages by NHIF since 2016 to cater for treatment be it surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, launching of the National Cancer Control Strategy, formulation of national cancer treatment guidelines 2013, National Cancer Treatment Protocols 2018 and the National Cancer screening guidelines has upped efforts to combat this life-threatening disease,” she said.

In Kenya today, cancer is ranked as the third leading cause of death, exceeded only by infections and heart disease.

The Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2018 findings show that each year, about 47,887 Kenyans get cancer and 32,987 die from the disease. The most common remains breast cancer with 5,985 women and men diagnosed every year compared to 2,864 prostate cases. Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, in developing countries, constituting a real public health problem.

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