Slums

Child Prostitution Rampant In Zimbabwe’s Slums

Harare — Donning mini-skirts, popular for being dress codes for the oldest profession here, girls as young as 12, file past the railway tracks towards Harare-Chinhoyi highway, where one after the other, they are picked by motorists to unknown destinations.

Behind the girls, lies a slum settlement that stretches closer to Westgate, a medium-density residential area in Harare, where the girls brag, they have had a constant customer base for their sex services.

In fact, some of the girls claimed, posh vehicles every day in the evenings, often at sunset, drive up to their settlement to fetch them.

So, to quench the pleasures of the men frequenting their settlement, the girls are every day picked and later after business, dropped, to them a sign of thriving business even as they look underaged to be in the oldest profession.

“We have no choice. You can see the conditions we live under – poverty defines our daily living here and if we don’t sell sex, we can’t have food. As for me, I have no parents and I live with my little nine-year-old sister whom I have to feed because our parents died some three years ago,” 15-year-old Pegina Muzhandi, told Ubuntu Times.

Pegina made no secret about what killed her parents, saying they both died of AIDS, a disease she said neither spared her nor her little sister as they both acquired HIV at birth.

She (Pegina) said condom use is a rarity each time she engages her clients.

“More often, my clients who are much older than me – some men in their forties, just prefer not to use condom protection when they sleep with me. There is nothing I can do about it because at the end of the day what I need is money,” said Pegina.

In the slums where Pegina and her sister live with many other girls of her age, there are apparently scores of other grown women also in the business of sex trade – many in fact like 43-year-old Marian Chihoko who openly said sex workers of her age were facing competition from very young girls.

“Underage girls have put us out of business here because they are often preferred by almost every client who comes here because they look young and more attractive than some of us, but also because these young girls charge very little for their services,” Chihoko told Ubuntu Times.

Zimbabwe teen sex workers
Unidentified two teenage sex workers ready themselves for potential clients by the street in the dark corners of Epworth, a poor township 25 kilometers east of Harare, where poverty has pushed many underage girls into sex work. Credit: Jeffrey Moyo / Ubuntu Times

At Caledonia informal settlement, approximately 30 kilometers east of Harare, child sex workers are not a strange phenomenon.

Here, much-grown women like 63-year-old Memory Mhere, admitted that she was making brisky business hiring out desperate young girls to much-grown sex predators.

“The girls here now know I have a wider customer base and so they (girls) come to me asking me to connect them to the rich men who want sex services and I do that and payment is given to me and then I pay a smaller percentage to the girls,” Mhere told Ubuntu Times.

So, a pimp guru in her own right, Mhere admitted to making a killing trading out underage girls for sex – 50 to 65 dollars on a good day.

She however vehemently denied that she was responsible for fanning underage prostitution in her locality, saying in fact the girls approach her on their own.

“I don’t move around calling the young girls to come and sell their bodies. It’s them who come here knowing I am well connected to well-to-do men who frequent this area searching for young girls to sleep with,” said Mhere.

For development experts like Hebert Ruhaka based in the capital Harare, slums across Zimbabwe’s towns and cities have become fertile grounds for child prostitution.

“Poverty is rampant in slums and more often than not, girls there have no access to life’s basics and in order to get the basics, the girls have had to join the oldest profession whether they are in school or at home,” Ruhaka told Ubuntu Times.

According to Ruhaka, who is a holder of a degree in development studies from Zimbabwe’s Midlands State University, ‘slum settlements across the country here are infested with underage sex workers, who are as young as 13 years of age.’

Sadly, Ruhaka said, more often than not, elderly women hire very young girls to engage in sex with grown men, something seasoned pimps like Mhere did not dispute.

“The elderly women who lure young girls into sex work get paid by their clients who sleep with the poor underage girls more often without condom protection, with the girls rewarded with very little money by their pimps. At times they are not paid at all or if lucky they are instead rewarded with food handouts,” said Ruhaka.

According to many experts like Ruhaka, many underage sex workers in this Southern African country have dropped out of school, as their poverty-stricken families cannot pay school fees for them, with many of the girls like 15-year-old Pegina apparently orphaned.

In 2019, about 60 percent of Zimbabwe’s children in primary school were sent home for failing to pay fees, according to the Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment Committee.

“We are seeing a spike in social vices like child prostitution and domestic violence,” says Father Martin Nyadewo of St. Peter’s Parish in Mbare, a high-density southern suburb of Harare. “Young girls are increasingly taking to the streets to sell their bodies to be able to feed themselves and their families.” Nyadewo’s remarks appeared in a July 2020 article in America, the Jesuit review magazine.

Poor Infrastructures, Rapid Urban Sprawl Increase Flood Risk In Tanzania’s Largest City

Dar es Salaam, Tanzania — The breath-taking moment showing a family taking refuge on a rooftop as floodwater rapidly rushing into a submerging home at a low-lying Msasani neighborhood in Dar es Salaam—destroying furniture, carrying away cooking utensils, tells a grim story.

As heavy rains drizzled in Tanzania’s largest city last week, it triggered floods that engulfed homes, destroyed assets and infrastructures.

“I have lost everything,” said Jumbe Marijani, a resident of Msasani.

Infrastructures
A legion of Dar es Salaam residents walk to work due to lack of transport. Credit: Kizito Makoye / Ubuntu Times

According to him, the entire neighborhood was entangled by the floods, making it hard to salvage personal belongings.

The 51-year-old father of six, who lives at the Kinondoni is among many residents who have been rendered homeless due to flooding.

“I have never seen such rains, it was horribly heavy,” said Marijani, whose family is squatting in a make-shift shack while waiting for the water to recede.

“I have incurred huge loss it will take time to recover,” said Marijani.

Africa’s Fastest Growing City

As one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities with nearly 70 percent of its six million inhabitants living in informal settlements, Dar es Salaam is highly vulnerable to flooding which often destroys infrastructures while causing water-borne diarrhea diseases.

Heavy rains twice a year, often cause floods that force thousands of the city’s residents from their homes and cause untold damage to the infrastructures.

Infrastructure
A flooded Msimbazi river in Dar es Salaam. Credit: Kizito Makoye / Ubuntu Times

In the Central Business District (CBD) and the Kariakoo business hub, the dilapidated sewage network often becomes overwhelmed during the rainy season—forcing effluents to overflow, exposing people to health hazards.

As authorities grapple with the impacts of climate change, local residents are bearing the heaviest burden due to logistical and infrastructural challenges.

Wastewater Dumping

For Ladislaus Mirindo, a gush of wastewater perpetually flowing from a broken sewer presents a serious health challenge to his family.

“I am quite worried for my children. They don’t have enough space to play, they oftentimes step on this dirty water,” he said.

The father of five, who lives in the Magomeni area, routinely dump the seeping sludge from his toilet in the nearby Msimbazi river.

Infrastructures
MotorCyclists negotiate their way through a flooded road. Credit: Kizito Makoye / Ubuntu Times

“We do it at night to avoid being caught,” said 46-year-old Mirindo.

Most people in this squalid slum lack access to better sanitation, officials said.

“It cannot afford to hire a cesspit tanker. It costs around Tanzanian shillings 80,000(US$36) just for a single trip,” said Mirindo who works as a mason.

Rapid Urban Sprawl

As more than half of the world’s population is estimated to be living in cities, according to the United Nation projections, the share is likely to increase to 66 percent by 2050, with about 90 percent of the increase taking place in urban areas in Africa and Asia.

While rapid urbanization creates wealth and reduces poverty, analysts say it creates chaos in cities like Dar es Salaam which is vulnerable to flooding.

Infrastructure
A flooded Jangwani neighborhood near the city center. Credit: Kizito Makoye / Ubuntu Times

The smoke-belching city, which generates about 40 percent of Tanzania’s GDP and is poised to become a megacity by 2040 is exposed to many climate change risks notably flooding, sea-level rise, coastal erosion, all of which threaten infrastructure assets worth $5.3 billion, according to the United Nations.

As the number of people living in slums rises, Dar es Salaam epitomizes the growing challenge of dealing with urbanization, natural disasters, and poverty, according to urban planning experts at ICLEI, a network of more than a thousand cities working on sustainable development and resilience issues.

Vulnerability To Disasters

As authorities are grappling to resolve the city’s biggest environmental challenge: flooding, Dar’s low-lying geographical location increases its vulnerability to weather-related disasters.

According to Shahidi wa Maji, a local charity working to promote sustainable water resources, about a quarter-million people in the sprawling Msimbazi valley face serious health risks linked to the river’s “toxic industrial effluent, human sewage, chemicals and abattoir waste.

Strategic Plans

To cope with rapid urban sprawl, city authorities have redrawn a master plan for Dar es Salaam, with the aim to create a Metropolitan Development Authority that would be responsible for planning and infrastructure development including transportation and utilities.

Abubakar Kunenge, the Regional Commissioner for Dar es Salaam said government is working to identify flood-prone areas and draw up preparedness plans and strategic actions, such as installing early warning systems, to improve the people’s ability to respond to disasters and help them recover quickly.

A flooded neighborhood
Poor people spent sleepless nights due to floods. Credit: Kizito Makoye / Ubuntu Times

“Our city has lately undergone a huge spatial growth, which cannot cope with the available facilities,” he told Ubuntu Times.

According to him, plans are afoot to mainstream climate change adaptation into existing urban development policies such as building stronger storm-water drainage systems in areas hard-hit by flood as well as relocating afflicted communities from flood risk areas.

Climate Proofing Interventions

However, Silvia Macchi, an associate professor of urban planning at Sapienza University in Italy who has worked on climate change adaptation in Dar es Salaam said enforcing land use policies in cities like this where informal settlements dominate is an uphill struggle.

“Rapid population growth and poor urban planning are the most significant challenges that Dar es Salaam faces.” She said adding “climate-proofing interventions should be carefully assessed against the risk of increasing unbalanced living conditions between different areas”

As part of its efforts to cushion vulnerable communities from disasters, the government relocated 654 families whose homes submerged in water during the 2011 floods.

Experts say the majority of city dwellers who live in flood-prone areas have no choice because they’re poor, even if they know their lives and property are at risk.

Infrastructures
A Bulldozer removing mud on the main Morogoro road to allow motorists to pass. Credit: Kizito Makoye / Ubuntu Times

Most slum dwellers consider the rainy season as a temporary thing, they are willing to live with the threat of floods, soon forgetting the misery they’ve been through.

Until today, however much of Tanzania’s urban areas have been what the developmental economist Bohela Lunogelo terms “dysfunctional” characterized by poor infrastructures, lack of formal jobs, and haphazardly built slums.

Weak Regulations

Lack of planning, weak regulations, and the difficulty of obtaining title deeds for land lead cities to grow out rather than up, making commuting longer and costly.

In Dar es Salaam, about three-quarters of inhabitants live in informal settlements like Tandale, a vast, labyrinthine neighborhood of flimsily built concrete houses, where children play hide-and-seek near open sewers and flooding nearly every rainy season leads to outbreaks of diarrhea and cholera.

“My son nearly died from cholera last year, I don’t want to remember the ordeal I was through,” said Mirindo.

As Kenya Advises Minimal Movement, Kids and Families in Slums are Disadvantaged.

Nairobi, March 23 — On a fine Monday morning, the streets of Mathare slums in the outskirts of Kenya’s capital, Nairobi are busy with residents engaging in the hustle and bustle of daily lives to at least put food on their tables. But the lack of food or money might not be in most of their minds at the moment. Kenya has recorded up to 16 cases of the novel coronavirus in the country.

Children are playing on the streets, unknowingly, as some help their parents sell on the street sides. Schools have closed and they have no other thing to do, unlike in most suburbs and other parts of the country where their parents would have television sets, smartphones, computers or tablets for them to access online lessons as promised and directed by the government.

Esther Anyango, a 41-year-old mother of seven and a resident of Mathare’s Area 4 is operating an open-air kiosk in the streets selling silver cyprinid fish, and says that she will only heed the advice to stay home when there is no option left. “If I stayed home today, tomorrow I would be begging in the streets for food together with my husband and children. So, unless the government is supplying us with food, staying home only spells another death sentence for us,” Anyango says.

Slums dwellers will soon be hardest hit by the coronavirus.
Maureen Anyango talks to a client after selling her fish in Nairobi’s Mathare slums. Credit: Dominic Kirui / Ubuntu Times

Her daughter gradually slides away as I approached her stand and Anyango later tells me that she had thought I was a government official who was here to enforce the government’s directive to stay home and have children learning indoors.

On March 13th, Kenya reported its first case of the virus. President Uhuru Kenyatta then ordered the closure of all learning institutions in the country, with the latest closing on Friday 20th. The Ministry of education then announced that students will continue their learning online and on TV, as they await the next directive by the government.  This was even after the President also said that everyone should work from home except those in essential services.

Today, the Kenyan Cabinet Secretary Health, Mutahi Kagwe announced that nine more cases had been confirmed to be COVID-19 positive, bringing the number to 25, up from 16 as of yesterday. This has been followed by stricter measures by the government banning gatherings in churches, weddings, bars, and public transportation; and advising Kenyans to remain and work from home, wash their hands regularly, and exercise social distancing.

Coronavirus outbreak will affect life in the slums.
An aerial view of a neighborhood in Nairobi’s Mathare slums. Credit: Dominic Kirui / Ubuntu Times

But as for the case of Anyango and many other families living in informal settlements, they are faced with difficult times ahead that are threatening to wipe them out should the virus enter their residential areas.

Asked whether her children have been studying at home since the government ordered the closure of schools, Anyango smiles and says, “It doesn’t make sense. They had promised the children laptops, they didn’t bring them. Maybe those would be the ones they would be using to learn from right now. We don’t have TVs here and cannot access the internet. I don’t have a smartphone, their father does, but how many children can learn at once on such a small gadget given also that they are in different grades, others even in high school?” Anyango wonders.

Cecilia Ayot, the Member of County Assembly for Laini Saba ward in Nairobi’s Kibera slums, the largest informal settlement in Africa says that the pandemic can only spell doom if it hits their area.

Coronavirus outbreak will adversely affect lives of slum dwellers.
An aerial view of Mathare slums in Nairobi. Credit: Dominic Kirui / Ubuntu Times

“As slum dwellers, we already have challenges in our lives trying to cope with the harsh conditions in our areas of residence eve before we have a pandemic like the coronavirus. So basically, it means that it will really push us because most of our people are those who work in the informal sector, trying to make ends meet and depending on a daily wage,” she says.

Ayot adds that women will be worst hit because most of them normally depend on doing house chores for people in other suburbs and with the government directives to have people work from home, this will be a huge loss for them

“In most cases, you will find women from the slums going to other estates to do cleaning so they can be able to cater for their families. Now that people are working from home and want to exercise social distancing, it basically means that these women do not have jobs. What has happened in the past few days is that the younger women have turned to prostitution because that is the only way they can get quick money,” Ayot explains.

And as for the children in these settlements, it is uncertain what will happen to them as their counterparts in areas where they can access television sets and other tech-savvy gadgets to access the education ministry’s curriculum courses.

Coronavirus reported in Kenya will hit worst the slum dwellers.
Children crowd around a water point in Nairobi’s Mathare slums on March 23, 2020. Credit: Dominic Kirui / Ubuntu Times

Diana Mukami, a teacher in one of the schools in Mukuru Kwa Njenga slums also points out that teachers are not well equipped to lead these studies. “I cannot use a computer myself, what was taught in college was not adequate and we were never given the resources for practice. So, if the government expects me to deliver courses for children online, then it means that our children are not going to learn,” she says.

Most children in the Kenyan slums also depend on schools for meals, especially those in schools where the United Nation’s World Food Program distributed food for the provision of free lunch to the pupils.

“You always find that these children depend fully on these meals and their parents cannot afford any other meal for them. The closure of schools means first a burden for the children in terms of hunger as well as the parents in trying to provide for them even when work is suspended; all before we start talking of the pandemic. We only pray to god that this pandemic does not strike the slums and that a miracle will happen,” Ayot concludes.

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